It discusses the conservation of mass, momentum and energy, the types of fluid flow, the properties of compressible and incompressible fluids, and some examples of fluid flow applications. That is, they satisfy that their tangent vector equals u(x,t) at the given time. A pathline is a path which a fluid particle traces. If minor losses are neglected, determine the flow rates in each pipe. Question: 3 Problem Consider the velocity field u=U, v=V cos (27 (x – Ut)/k), (1) where U and V are constants and k a length. These can be thought of as “recording” the path. 2. Question: Under non steady flow conditions, these lines always move or wiggle. The statement “ vorticity at x equals twice the angular velocity of the fluid at x” is often heard. It is easiest to visualize a streamline if we move along with the body (as opposed to moving with the flow). Mechanical Engineering 3. Concepts for describing fluid flows: streamlines, particle paths, and streaklines. Mechanical Engineering questions and answers. It has already been explained that in unsteady or turbulent flows, particles introduced one after the other in time (at the same place) follow different. Displays all PORTS stations for the specified region and the product types for each station. 1 16 Medan kecepatan : , dimana kecepatan dalam (m/s); x dan y dalam meter; A = 0,3 s- 1 Tentukan: a) Persamaan stream line dalam bidang xy b) Streamline yang melewati titik (x 0, y 0, 0 ) = ( 2,8,0 ) c) Kecepatan partikel pada titik (x 0, y 0Streaklines - Continuously injecting a new particle at each time step, advecting all the existing particles and connect them together into a streakline b. vectorlines d. I need calculations of streamlines streakline and pathline. Streaklines A streakline is the locus of points of all the fluid particles that have passed continuously through a particular spatial point in the past. • Streaklines: Streaklines are defined as the locus of the path from where all the particles havepassed through in the past. Streaklines. These techniques are examples of time-dependent. They. This resource contains information related to overview of lagrangian and eulerian descriptions. In this context, streaklines may be obtained by repeatedly initializing a grid of particles and moving all particles according to the optical flow, in the spirit of a Lagrangian fluid flow. As a means of overcoming this problem, a small number ofBoth the particle tracer and the particle pathlines filters are special in that they capture and modify geometry as they iterate over time. Introduction. 1. 4 The Divergence of the Velocity and Green’s Theorem 23 3. Fig. Dye steadily injected into the fluid at a fixed point extends along a streak line. Similarity requires that they match both the Reynolds number and the Strouhal number between. Nowadays flow visualization. A particle of the marker fluid that is at point (x, y) at time t must have passed through the injection point ( x_ {0}, y_ {0} x0,y0) at some earlier instant t=\tau t = τ. In both cases, we move with the object and the flow proceeds. An enlarged view of the streakline, shown in (b), also illustrates the orientation of x- and y-axes with respect to the shear. 2 Streamtubes, Stream Surfaces, and the Stream Function 19 3. Oakland Outer Harbor LB 3. The PIV-measured effective strain field (ε) and streaklines (white lines), superimposed on the raw images, are shown. Find step-by-step Engineering solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: What is the definition of a timeline? How can time ones be produced in a water. Global techniques - Display the entire flow field in a single pictureDetailed examples of Streamline Plots including changing color, size, log axes, and more in MATLAB. The visualization is produced by colored fluid injected into water from ports on the body. svg 1,050 × 900; 109 KB Pathlines streaklines. The general background of different flow structures and the limitation of visualization techniques are reviewed first (Sec. 1. A) What is the difference between streamlines and streaklines? (Note; we did not have time to cover this difference in class, so you likely need to reference your book- see chapter 4) (2 pts) B) From which of Newton's fundamental laws of physics is the Bernoulli equation derived? (2. Pathlines are the trajectories that individual fluid particles follow. 2. 4. + -. An example of a streakline is the continuous line of smoke emitted by a chimney, which will have some curved shape if the wind has a time-varying direction. 5. Streaklines show the path followed by a specific fluid particle as it moves through the fluid over a period of time. First, the flow lines embracing streamlines, pathlines, and streaklines are discussed. 4: Definition sketch for derivation of the Bernoulli equation for incompressible inviscid flow. 19 Streakline: consists of all particles in a flow that have previously passed through a common point. Figure 3. b) Consider the visualization of ground vortex flow in the figure. Controls the closeness of streamlines. Oakland Inner Harbor LB4. One should always be reminded that streaklines do not correspond to streamlines in an unsteady flow. f (x)=2 x+\frac {9} {x^ {3}} f (x)= 2x+ x39. Question: 2) Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines in the visualization of flow over a sphere in Fig. 物質導數. Streaklines are generated by introducing air bubbles at evenly spaced points upstream of the field of view. - Streaklines are time-dependent and represent the collection of particles that have passed through a particular location. The three water filled tanks shown in figure below are connected by pipes as indicated. In compressible flows, the density of the fluid changes with pressure and temperature. The relative positions of these two streaklines are shown in (b). time: specifies a set of times at which streaklines begin to be traced. Streaklines are easy to generate experimentally. Publisher: Cengage Learning. =4 b. Flow development is. 3. Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines? Explain. provide you with an opportunity to use this technique to study several wind tunnel flows. 8x) +(1. CIRCULATION 31 velocity associated with second term is 1 2ω. Figure 3. 4 3. 2 Continuity Equation 59 4. Understand what initial conditions to use when evaluating streaklines and pathlines. To understand streaklines, consider a fluid flow with an ink dye injected at a particular point. Interestingly, these nourishment patterns appear (at least qualitatively) identical to prior observations of biogenic streaklines visible in optical and SAR imagery (Ayoub et al. We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. In steady flow, the fluid is in motion but the streamlines are fixed. What does pathline looks like?What does streaklines look like?What does streamlines look like? We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. , { x, y } ∈ reg] takes the variables {. 4. Another application is to visualize the velocity profile of a boundary layer or a channel flow. Communicate. streak: [noun] a line or mark of a different color or texture from the ground : stripe. 7. 流线，用来表征三维空间的速度场。在当流场随着时间改变的时候，即非稳定流动时，Streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines三个名词含义不同。. specifies a set of points at which streaklines originate. The velocity field of a flow is described by V › = (4x)i › + (5y + 3) j › + (3t 2 )k › . Engineering; Mechanical Engineering; Mechanical Engineering questions and answers; Some students want to visualize flow over a spinning baseball. 1 / 4. The streakline features in both models specify the position and direction of both vortices along with the presence of a small corner vortex at the rear wall. Streamlines are useful for visualizing and understanding the overall flow pattern in a flow field. It consists of the use of a high-speed camera capable of actually recording at high frame rates (in the order of 103 –10 4 frames per second) of the flow advancement inside the micro-cavity. 11 Three types of fluid element trajectories are defined: Streamlines, Pathlines, and Streaklines. timeline翻译：（事件发生的）先后顺序表, （显示做某事所需时间或某事何时发生的）时间表, （社交媒体上的）时间轴。了解. BUY. Visualization of streamlines for the original vector field in the left image yields. P7–44). This 10-minute video tutorial will show you how to calculate streaklines, streamlines and particle paths using Tecplot 360. Streaklines are traced out by neutrally buoyant marker fluid injected into a flow field from a fixed point in space. If at a certain point in time all the particles introduced one after the other are joined together, a so-called streakline is formed. , sinu-Fluid particles are m. The path a fluid particle takes through a flow is actually called a pathline. where V is the volume and t is the elapsed time. A particle of the marker fluid that is at point (x, y) at time t must have passed through the injection point (x, y) at some earlier instant t = T. 0) crashes and gives the segmentation fault. 1 Integral and Differential Approach 57 4. Generally, fluid is defined as a substance which is capable of spreading and changing its shape, according to is surroundings, without offering internal resistance. related to the pressure field by theFinal answer. The default adds ten streamtraces in what we call a rake. 4. 0:00 Streamlines0:47 Eulerian Approach1:32 Pathlines and Lagra. Flow visualization is an approach focuses on methods to get information from the flow field datasets either in 2 or 3 dimensional. Currently, there is no functionality in matplotlib to plot streaklines. However, the spatial extension of the. For the same particle starting locations, streaklines at T = 20 are shown in in Figure 4. 3. linewidthfloat or 2D array. Understand what initial conditions to use when evaluating streaklines and pathlines. For illustration purposes, the streaklines are shown only on every 10th row and column. Streaklines are traced out by neutrally buoyant marker fluid injected into a flow field from a fixed point in space. (a) A streakline is a time exposed lfow path of an individual particle over some period of time (b) A streamline represents an instantaneous flow pattern at a given time (c) Fluid within a streamtube must remain there and cannot cross the boundary of a streamtube (d) Just like streaklines, streamtubes are a time integrated quantityFor a steady flow situation, the curve representing the pathlines, streamlines, and streaklines are all the same. Draw an example of streamlines for each case. 2 Streamlines, particle trajectories, streaklines Suppose you freeze a velocity u(x,t) at a fixed time and look at the instantaneous vector field at that instant. The streaklines show complex along-flow changes in cross-sectional shape that we interpret to be effects from temporal changes in grounding line dynamics and decay of ice topography due to flow. Streaklines are the path a fluid drop will follow in the flow. You'll get a detailed solution from a subject matter expert that helps you learn core concepts. 在 連續介質力學 中， 物質導數 （英語： material derivative ） [1] [2] 描述 物質元 （英语：material element） 一些物理量（如 熱量 或 動量 ）的 變動率 ，而該物質元受制於由時間和空間決定的 宏觀向量場 。. Ta. Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines?streaklines are a legitimate means of validating flow patterns in this location, where streaklines have been previously used [21,22]. 25. Draw examples of a pathline, a streamline, and a streakline around the skier. To visualize Timelines, Pathlines, Streaklines and Streamlines provide a vivid visualization of a fluid flow. 21. These can be thought of as "recording" the path of a. . The study area subscene. The main difference between a flow system and a uncoupled bunch of particles is pressure. Transcribed image text: An experiment is conducted on Lake Oroville to determine the currents induced by wind speed and direction. What are streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines? Define each by drawing a sketch and providing an explanation. Basically a differential pressure (d/p) flow meter, a pitot tube measures two pressures: the static and the total impact pressure. Assuming the plant is located at (x,y)= (0,0), plot to scale: a) the streaklines at the end of each day. The visualization is produced by colored fluid injected into water. 6: Pathline. Streaklines are numerically obtained for a shear flow perturbed by an unamplifying traveling sinusoidal wave. Obtain the equation for the streamline passing through point (2, 5). streaklines Under all flow conditions, as time proceeds, these lines wiggle/flop around while one end is anchored to a fixed point in the flow field. Leaflet | Esri. Not yet a. 01 mm s −1 (figure 4a), the flow is homogeneous as can be seen from the smooth streaklines and relatively uniform deformation in the chip. Streaklines: Streaklines are the paths traced by particles that have passed through a specific point in the flow field at different times. Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines? Explain. These. 1). Mechanical Engineering questions and answers. Euler's equation for inviscid motion: a relationship between fluid acceleration (convective and temporal) and pressure distribution. 1 KINEMATICS OF FLUID FLOW. 6 The Velocity Potential in Irrotational Flow 26a) In this we can clearly see that a Streakline flow is followed because as we can see in the flow fluid particle is away from the actual path of the flow. Photo of the damaged Chernobyl reactor. Rendering the streaklines as tubes allows rendering with surface shading – which helps our eyes see thire orientations more accurately. Flow visualization is the study of methods to display dynamic behavior in liquids and gases. Visualization of flow over a 15° delta wing at a 20° angle of attack at a Reynolds number of 20,000. For different densities in each direction, use a tuple (density_x, density_y). So, streamlines are a family of curves which, for every instant in time, are the velocity field envelops. By studying streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines, engineers can gain insights. The streamed flow was illuminated by a laser sheet provided by a 532-nm 10 W CW laser. The theory requires the firing angle to be less than about 40 degrees or so, which is fine in most instances. Civil Engineering questions and answers. † Pathline: The trajectory of a given particle P in time. The substance that has a tendency to flow is called as fluid. For information on missing data, go to the PORTS Stations Status Page or call (301) 713-2540. Streamlines, Streaklines, Pathlines [edit | edit source] If in a flow field a curve is drawn in such a way that the tangent to the curve at any point represents the velocity to that point. Similarity requires that they match. Discussion Timelines differ from streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines even if the flow is steady. For the following list of situations, classify each as a 1-dimensional, 2-dimensional or 3dimensional flow. 5, where δ*is the displacement thickness, show the subharmonic sinuous nature (Schoppa and Hussain, 2002 and Das Gupta and Roy, 2017) for all the cases. Streamlines Want to see more mechanical engineering instructional videos? Visit the Cal Poly Pomona Mechanical Engineering Department's video library, ME Online: Streaklines. Question Under all flow conditions, these lines only grow in length, but never wiggle. Our study demonstrates that the velocity field in deltas. Day 1 2 mph = 45 deg. The net force on the stream tube in the flow direction is then. A wind speed of approximately 2 m/s was used in this study. Good agreement in streakline patterns between potential flow theory and experiment is observed over the cone at $$alpha =. Streaklines are new to computer vision research. Fig. For example, the streaklines in Figure 4a show more structure further downstream than directly behind the cylinder. Day 4 Day 3 Day 2 7 mph 5 mph Angle = 45 deg. The lines created in this type of demonstration are streaklines. One can also record streaklines for an array or points by injecting 3. Each of these lines provides di↵erent information on the movement of fluid. a. 75, p. Knowledge of the flow patterns within distributary systems is key for understanding deltaic hydro- and morpho-dynamics, yet synoptic measurements of flow fields remain virtually nonexistent. The sheet is realised with a negative lens. the fluid of the flow is a gas iii. Streaklines. the local derivative of massWe developed a method for extracting streaklines from remote-sensed SSC, and used the change in SSC along streaklines to reveal patterns of deposition and erosion in Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana. Consider the visualization of flow over a 12° cone in Fig. In simple terms, streamlines and streaklines are like a snapshot of the flowfield whereas pathlines are time-history of the flow. Trajectories, also called path lines, trace the route traveled by an air parcel during a time interval. Streaklines. Streamline. Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines? Explain. The velocity field of a flow is described by V › = (4x)i › + (5y + 3) j › + (3t 2 )k › . Streamlines, streaklines and pathlines coincide when i. 2 Streamlines, particle trajectories, streaklines Suppose you freeze a velocity u(x,t) at a fixed time and look at the instantaneous vector field at that instant. 11 Three types of fluid element trajectories are defined: Streamlines, Pathlines, and Streaklines. for more FREE video tutorials covering Fluid Mechanics. , 2020; Shaw et al. The speed of the flow is constant over a 10 s period, but the flow direction is not constant. In such cases, the use of streamlines may not be appropriate as they assume that the fluid is. • Pathlines: Pathlines are defined as the path traces by an individual particle. An explosion occurs at a nuclear power plant and radioactive steam is escaping from a broken pipe at time t=0. Which of the following is correct? a) Pathlines of two particles in an one-dimensional flow can never intersect. + -. The purpose of this tutorial is to illustrate the difference between streamlines, streak lines and path lines for a time dependent velocity field using the java application called vector field manipulator. 3. Chapter 4 • Differential Relations for a Fluid Particle. The differences between streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines are as follows: Streamlines represent the instantaneous direction of the flow at each point in a fluid at a given time. e. Consider the simple example with the flow shown in figure 4. Streaklines. 4 An idealized velocity field is given by the formula. From mass conservation, we see that for a steady, one-dimensional flow, the mass-flow rate is constant. A pathline is the actual path traversed by a given (marked) fluid particle. Note that t 0 will be different for each fluid particle on a given streakline. 8. 2. The streaklines show complex along-flow changes in cross-sectional shape that we interpret to be effects from temporal changes in grounding line dynamics and decay of ice topography due to flow. The particles feel all forces that the flow feels, as they ARE the flow. A streakline involves the motion of all the fluid. Find step-by-step Engineering solutions and your answer to the following textbook question: A flow is described by velocity field $vec{V}=a hat{i}+b x hat{j}$ where a = 2m/s and b =1s$^{−1}$. Streaklines are well known in flow visualization [3,4] and fluid mechanics [5] as a tool for measurement and analysis of the flow. 2. the flow is steady iv. The time history of a marker particle may be. . The streamlines in this plot group show the instantaneous fluid velocity as water flows toward, through, and away from the bend. Pathlines are the trajectories that individual fluid particles follow. 4 3. Their fluids laboratory has a nice water tunnel into which they can inject multicolored dye streaklines, so they decide to test a spinning baseball in the water tunnel. Streaklines are lines connecting all fluid particles that pass through the same point in space. . The equation for range (equation 7. 3sin (ωt)−0. Streamlines are a family of curves that are instantaneously tangent to the velocity vectors in a flow field. In other words the defining property of a fluid is the ease with which the fluid can be. Coordinates, reference frames, equations, functions,. In this segment, we cover streamline (including deriving streamline equation), streakline, and pathline. Hydrogen bubbles are used to visualize water flow streaklines in the video, Flow Visualization. They differ only when the flow changes with time, that is, when the flow is not steady. P7–44). Design and Experimental Results for the S809 Airfoil Dan M. Streaklines are traced out by neutrally buoyant marker fluid injected into a flow field from a fixed point in space. What is the pathline. Some students want to visualize flow over a spinning baseball. Fluid flows are classified in terms of streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines. As illustrated in Figure 1b , according to mass balance, the change in SSC of a depth-averaged fluid parcel as it travels downstream reflects exchange. Wind tunnel experiments are performed at a chord-based Reynolds number of 100,000 and four angles of attack. Mechanical Engineering questions and answers. For two-dimensional flow the velocity components can be calculated in Cartesian coordinates by. Expert Answer. The. Streaklines: Streaklines are the loci of points of all the fluid particles that have passed continuously through a particular spatial point in the past. A region bounded by streamlines is called a. Are those streamlines, pathlines or streaklines?Pathlines streaklines timelines. Hydrogen bubbles are used to visualize water flow (streaklines) sometimes. Dampen the cotton swab with the water or alcohol (should be damp only – squeeze or blot out any excess). 1. Similarity requires that they match both the Reynolds number and the Strouhal. Fluid Mechanics. Two types of effectsStreaklines are well known in flow visualization [3, 4] and fluid mechanics [5] as a tool for measurement and analysis of the flow. 3. Do you expect this flow to have the same streamlines, streaklines and pathlines? Briefly explain your answer. These are streaklines extbf{streaklines} streaklines, because we are following the flow of smoke released from the smoke wire, through the air, from fixed points to the left of the picture. Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines?3. ##### FIGURE P4–29C. To evaluate the streaklines, we need to consider the time component of the velocity field equation. Q = dV dt = d dt(Ax) = Adx dt = Av. Besides various field-lines, we also compute and display the line integral convolution texture soPitot tubes were invented by Henri Pitot in 1732 to measure the flowing velocity of fluids. However, Tom Flannaghan's streamline plotting utility has been improved and merged into the codebase. We developed a method for extracting streaklines from remote-sensed SSC, and used the change in SSC along streaklines to reveal patterns of deposition and erosion in Wax Lake Delta, Louisiana. In this application the user can type. Consider the plane flow field, 𝑉 ⃗ = (1 𝑥+ 𝑡) 𝑖̂− {𝑦 (1 + 𝑡)}𝑗̂ Develop expressions for streamlines, pathlines, and streaklines throgh a point (a,b) = (1,1). Select images, with strain-field (background color) and streaklines superimposed, show development of flow with [bottom row, SA(17)] and without (top row, bare Al) long-chain SAMs. Are we seeing streamlines, streaklines, pathlines, or timelines? The visualization is produced by colored fluid injected into water from ports in the body. Table 1. Flow visualization can also be used to describe the advancement of the flow front into the cavity during the filling stage. Stream functions are defined for two-dimensional flow and for three-dimensional axial symmetric flow. The visualization is produced by colored fluid injected into water from ports on the body. 016 Hydrodynamics Reading #3 Particle Pathlines: Trajectory of fluid particles (“more” lagrangian) flow kinematics: streamlines, pathlines, and streaklines. 3. Q5 (4-33) A bird is flying in a room with a velocity field of V = (u, 𝜐, w) = 0. 3. They are all equivalent for steady flows, but differ conceptually for unsteady flows. Southampton Shoal Channel LB 6. Then find the equation (s) (within an arbitrary constant) that describe the streamlines, streaklines and pathlines for this flow. 6+2. This tube is called a streamtube. A streakline is a curved line formed by a string of fluid particles which have passed through a certain point. This circulation near. This Session for Practice Problems on Flow lines (Streamlines, Streaklines, and Pathlines) is a Part of the Problem Solving Series for the Introductory Fluid. 11 Three types of fluid element trajectories are defined: Streamlines, Pathlines, and Streaklines. Now imagine that skier moving through air against a downhill mountain slope. Similarity requires that they match both the Reynolds number and the Strouhal number between their model test and the actual baseball that moves through the air at 80 mi / h and. Their fluids laboratory has a nice water tunnel into which they can inject multicolored dye streaklines, so they decide to test a spinning baseball in the water tunnel Similarity requires that they match both the Reynolds number and the Strouhal number between their. 3) Consider the visualization of flow over a 12∘ cone in Fig. But my results do not agree with the text. I got the streamlines working, but when ever I am trying to plot the streaklines, and tried to set the integration time to the last time of simulation, the paraview (5. 3 Streaklines Instead of releasing a single particle at x 0 = (x 0,y 0,z 0) at t = t 0, say (case of particle path tracing), release a continuous stream of dye at that point. 、脉线和流线 迹线（Pathlines）：某一流体质点的运动轨迹。 脉线（Streaklines）：关注空间某一位置，在经历较短的时间后，可以标识出流动过程中经过该空间点的许多流体质点，所有这些流体质点都在一定的时间内，先后流经这个固定的空间位置，连接这些流体质点的线。Civil Engineering. engineering. Figure 1. 1. A video will be shown and discussed. The color expression in the streamline plot indicates fluid velocity (in m/s). The direction. (15pts, 5pts each) a) Consider the visualization of flow over a 12 cone in the. If any wet ink is left, blot it off with a dry swab or lint-free towel. In general, flow visualization is an experimental means of examining the flow pattern around a body or over its surface. Since the flow is steady, the streaklines are coincident with streamlines. Two path lines for two particles may intersect each other. Streaklines Reading: Anderson 2. 6 x i + 0. The integration of (1) to obtain particle paths and/or travel times, is known as particle tracking, for which there exists a rich literature. Final answer. In this example, streaklines are simply horizontal lines. Original and local streamlines for the Jet dataset. See Answer. y 0 = y ′ − t ′. streaklines b. Similarity requires that they match both. Here is how to do it. 2). – AtmosphericPrisonEscape. P4–32C. Correct option with explanat. Flow lines explained! Streamlines, Pathlines, Streaklines. The relation between pathlines and streamlines is simple, as the latter are projections of the corresponding pathlines on physical space, as shown in Fig. D. Hi all, For the couple of weeks I am trying to plot the streaklines from my 3D simulations that I have performed using OpenFOAM. Photo from. And they represent the velocity. \%-50gridlines b. From time t = 0 to t = 5 hr, radioactive steam is released from a nuclear power plant accident located at x = -1 mile and y = 3 miles. Streamlines, Streaklines, Pathlines, and Timelines. At time t', the expression for pathlines is: x 0 = x ′ − 1 + \cost ′. 500-mb vorticity is also termed vertical vorticity (the spin is in relation to a vertical axis). Students are required to evaluate the visualization effects of streamlines, streaklines and pathlines based on following two-dimensional velocity field equation V = (uˉ,vˉ) = (0. Such flow may actually flow upstream, against the direction of the free stream airflow. I am new to matlab. 03922218). C. Chief Noter. Pathlines and Streaklines •For an unsteady fluid flow, if we release a particle in the fluid, we can track its position as a function of time. A visualization of three-dimensional steady flow around a sphere is created by taking an extended exposure photograph of the sphere submersed in flowing water with air bubbles. In the Lagrangian approach the velocity of a fluid particleExpert-verified. This is a video that introcues basic concepts of fluid motion, using different visualizaton techniques extracted from a CFD simulation of particles flowing a. x = where x ( t = t ) = x 0 0 dt where t0 is the time at which a fluid particle on the. The light from the emitting streaklines is recorded by a CCD camera (Kodak Megaplus 1008×1018 pixel, 10 bits). Module 4: Fluid KinematicsThis module i. HW11_solution. The streaklines are made up of two parts, involving the primary stream (indicated by the black solid lines) from the conventional nozzle inlet and the secondary stream (denoted by the red solid lines) from the slot injector.